Key Concept 2.3 Description : Large-scale empires used trade with different regions to create extensive communication, commercial, and cultural exchange networks.
Audio Summary:
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2.3 Audio Summary | |
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File Type: | m4a |
Helpful Video on Trade across the Indian Ocean:
Primary Source Documents
This primary document discusses that the implications that authorities put on the Christians who refused to honor the Pagan gods during an epidemic that was struck in the empire in 251 C.E. This relates to key concept 2.3 iii b, because as merchants are going to new places they are taking their diseases with them.
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This primary document gives the instructions to his followers, he wants his followers to reject the moral and legal principles that the Asians followed. This relates the key concept 2.3 iii c, because it discusses the diffusion and transformation of religious traditions that spread.
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Map of Major Classical Trade Routes:
I. Land & water routes become the basis for interregional trading, communication, and exchange networks.
A. During this era many large empires started to grow quickly. As these empires started to grow the need of trade also needed to become significant to each empire. The 4 main trade routes of this era would be considered the Trans-Saharan Caravan, Indian Ocean, Silk Roads, and the Mediterranean Sea. These trade routes became imperative to merchants all over the world. Each trade route consisted of characteristics that made each trade route differ from each other. The Indian Ocean route was effected by the monsoon weather, the Tran-Saharan Caravan route differed from the other routes because of the dry and arid climate conditions brought from the Saharan Desert, the Mediterranean Sea route was significant because they grew olives and wine, but not rice, so they traded throughout the Mediterranean Sea route, the Silk Roads brought many luxurious and spices to Europe which could not be found there.
Visual and Textual Evidence
The Silk Roads is one of the most famous land trading routes from this period of time. As the route was made of several pieces of routes, the trade route started from Europe and ended in China. Trading from the Silk Roads was dangerous because they had to cross lands and they could meet dangerous feets that the merchants could not handle. So because of this, the merchants traded only luxury items, so they have good profit for the risk. As the empires in China advanced they provided laws for the merchants so they could be safe while they trade.
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The Indian Ocean Route was also a very important water trading route, especially during the Gupta Dynasty. In this trade route, many merchants took place in this trade route for the spices, cotton textiles, and dye. Due to the monsoon weather in the subcontinent, the weather was predictable, so merchants usually left at monsoon season when they are going back to their home lands.
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The Trans-Saharan Caravan Route was significant for many African Empires. Merchants came to Africa with camels and salt. Western Africa had large amounts of gold, so the rulers in Africa made a lot of money by reducing the supply of gold and trading it for more salt.
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The Mediterranean Sea Routes was another famous water trade route in this period. This trade route was mostly popular for wine, olive oil, grain, marble, spices, silver, silk, glassware, and timber.
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Vocabulary
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/expression-attractive-misleading-engraving-marketing-coloured-flourish-d15a64a4-a62e-11e5-a915-4cd4d91edd66_1.jpg?1507593758)
Relay Trade: A type of trade used by merchants in Europe to travel the Silk Roads.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/images-6.jpg?1507603516)
Monsoons: Predictable weather patterns that came to India, which made traveling easier mariners and merchants.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/ap-world-history-strayer-ch-7-commerce-and-culture-5001500-19-638.jpg?1507603544)
Maritime Trade: A type of trade that takes place over water, which requires the use of boats.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/ot_orig.jpg)
Oasis Towns: Towns that were built because of trade, and usually a stopping point so merchants and the travelers could have rest.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/ap-world-history-strayer-ch-7-commerce-and-culture-5001500-19-638_1.jpg?1507681139)
Transregional Trade: Trade that is taken place over two regions.
II. New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange
A. In routes like the Silk Roads and the Trans-Saharan Caravan, animals were required to reach their destination rapidly. Horses, Camels, Llamas, Oxen were all domesticated animals used to travel around these routes. The camel and the llama adapted to the Middle East and Saharan climate, so merchants used to travel on camels and llamas to reach their destination. But in the Silk Roads many merchants used horses and oxen to travel as they adapted to the environment better than the camel and the llama. The inventions of the saddle and the stirrup revolutionized traveling on animals because merchants can control the animals better and carry more cargo on the animal.
B. Maritime Trade also was very important in this era, as many merchants used to travel in the Indian Ocean routes and the Mediterranean routes. The lateen sail were widely used for maritime trade. Dhow boats helped merchants carry heavy cargo that could not be carried on by land. The monsoon season brought predictable wind patterns which merchants and mariners planned to have their voyage.
B. Maritime Trade also was very important in this era, as many merchants used to travel in the Indian Ocean routes and the Mediterranean routes. The lateen sail were widely used for maritime trade. Dhow boats helped merchants carry heavy cargo that could not be carried on by land. The monsoon season brought predictable wind patterns which merchants and mariners planned to have their voyage.
Visual and Textual Evidence
This image depicts a stirrup from China in the Post Classical Era. The invention of the stirrup help horseback riders have better control on riding their horses, thus making themselves better horseback riders.
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This image depicts a dhow boat with a lateen sail. The lateen sail is a type of sail that is triangular. These sails help mariners sail through the Indian Ocean and the Red Sea.
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Vocabulary
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/2-3-ii-pt-1_1.jpg?1507600716)
Stirrup: An invention that helps horseback riders control their horses, which makes riding the horse easier and more efficient.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/astrolabe-01.jpg?1507600073)
Astrolabe: This is an ancient device used by mariners to measure the longitude and latitude of the ships current location.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/lateen_orig.jpg)
Dhow Boats: Boats used to hold heavy cargo that could not be held by horses nor camels.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/saddle_orig.jpg)
Saddle: A seat put on the back of the horse to make traveling by land more easier and reliable. It also allows more cargo to be carried.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/yoke.jpg?1507680329)
Yoke: Was a tool that fastened the necks of two oxen and connected to the cart that they have to pull.
III. Alongside the trade in goods, the exchange of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals, and disease pathogens developed across far-flung networks of communication and exchange.
A. As interregional trade was increased, many different crops and different agricultural techniques were discovered. The Sakia Wheel was an important invention, because many people could get water and they do not need to work hard to get the water, it just picks it up for you and gives it to you. Another invention is the shaduf, this invention is significant as well,because it uses a counterweight which picks up water from a river, stream, lake, etc. Rice was the most important crop as many empires depended on rice.
B. While merchants were trading in different regions, they also brought diseases from the region they came from. The Roman Empire was always suffering with these diseases. The horses that the Romans used to travel on the Silk Roads caught the disease from China and would spread it when they go back home. The Roman Empire's military was the population with more diseases, this caused many problems which resulted in basic taxes could not be gathered. The Han Dynasty also experienced this very epidemic which is the reason why they fell apart like the Roman Empire.
C. Religious and cultural beliefs were also diffused as interregional trade took place. Many religions changed over this era, as Buddhism switched their purpose/focus from ethics to salvation. As Hinduism participated in Bhakti which added many personal gods to the religion. Christian followers built churches based off of the Roman architecture, also Christmas was added to the religion.
B. While merchants were trading in different regions, they also brought diseases from the region they came from. The Roman Empire was always suffering with these diseases. The horses that the Romans used to travel on the Silk Roads caught the disease from China and would spread it when they go back home. The Roman Empire's military was the population with more diseases, this caused many problems which resulted in basic taxes could not be gathered. The Han Dynasty also experienced this very epidemic which is the reason why they fell apart like the Roman Empire.
C. Religious and cultural beliefs were also diffused as interregional trade took place. Many religions changed over this era, as Buddhism switched their purpose/focus from ethics to salvation. As Hinduism participated in Bhakti which added many personal gods to the religion. Christian followers built churches based off of the Roman architecture, also Christmas was added to the religion.
Visual and Textual Evidence
Vocabulary
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/editor/bhagavad-gita.jpg?250)
Bhagavad Gita: This is a sacred book in Hinduism, with all the answers to Arjuna's (Kshatriya Warrior) questions, from Lord Krishna, an incarnation of Lord Vishnu himself.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/stupa-buddha5_orig.jpg)
Stupas: Stupas are monuments that holds sacred relics that associate to Buddha.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/buddhist-monastery_orig.jpg)
Monastery: A Monastery is a place where Buddhist followers could take rest. These types of shelters were found all over East Asia. The monasteries also helped the spread of the religion to other people.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/noria-wheel.gif?1507601172)
Noria Wheel: A wheel of water that has buckets attached, and takes water out of a river, lake, stream, etc with no hard labor.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/shaduf.jpg?1507601322)
Shaduf: This tool made getting water easier by using a counterweight to pull water up.