Audio Summary:
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3.2 Audio Summary | |
File Size: | 7618 kb |
File Type: | m4a |
Helpful Video on the Mongol Empire:
Primary Source Documents:
This document addresses how Charlemagne dispatched three embassies to Baghdad and got three in return, and how Charlemagne and his men tried to reestablish a centralized state in western Europe.
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This document addresses the trading of Constantinople. It also tells us how merchants from Babylon, Shinar, Persia, Media, Egypt, and the land of Canaan, and Russia came to Constantinople to trade for gold and silver. The Hagia Sophia was also a big reason why several merchants came to Constantinople.
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Map of The Crusades:
I. Empires collapsed in different regions of the world, and in some areas were replaced by imperial states or political systems.
A. Following the collapses of empires, imperial states were reconstituted in some regions, including the Byzantine Empire and the Chinese dynasties (Sui, Tang, and Song), combining traditional sources of power and legitimacy with innovations better suited to their specific local context.
- By the end of this period of time, several states that have been fallen apart have been replaced by other empires that were dominating the area. Many of the successes why the other empires were dominating the area is because they incorporated all the mistakes made by the past empires.
- The state of Japan, chose to imitate what the Tang Dynasty in China were doing to become successful. The Japanese tried to form a centralized government with the Confucian Based Bureaucracy. They also borrowed the Chinese system of agriculture, and they mimicked the Chinese language. The Abbasid Caliphate were also influenced by the Persian traditions. The Caliphate adopted the religion of Islam and because of that they had good relations with merchants in Persia. Later on the Caliphate established their capital in Baghdad. The "Cult of the King".
- The Aztecs of the Mexica Society were situated on Lake Texcoco, which the Aztecs formed chinampas and covered the lake, and made the city of Tenochtitlan. The chinampas help cultivate crops 7 times more. The Aztecs believed in human sacrificing, because they believed that their gods shed their blood into the Earth and made them soil. The Aztec empire also had a great demand of clothing, jewelry, food, and other materials from locations across their vast domain. The Inca were situated in the Andes Mountains. The Incas practiced extensive terracing which allowed them to practice agriculture in high elevations.
Visual and Textual Evidence:
This picture represents the sacrificing that the Aztecs did for 260 days every year. Human sacrificing was a very important part of the Aztec Empire, because they believed that their gods sacrificed their life in order to enrich the soil.
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This picture depicts the coin used in the Byzantine Empire. The face of Justinian is imprinted onto the coin which helps the merchants identify if this is the correct coin.
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Vocabulary:
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/justinian-law-codex.jpg?1511027675)
Justinian Code: A basic law system which contained all the rules and rights from the Byzantine empire.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/220px-woman-teaching-geometry.jpg?1511027561)
Patriarchal Society: Societies that are dependent on the men of each household, the men can only make the rules and women have very little rights.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/download-5_orig.jpg)
Tributary State: A state that is situated near a neighboring state that is ranked higher than the state.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/published/250px-mongolcavalrymen.jpg?1511027014)
Arban: The most basic unit of army in the Mongol empire which was consisted of 10 men.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/download-6_orig.jpg)
Manorialism:
II. Interregional contacts and conflicts between states and empires encouraged significant technological and cultural transfers
A. Technological and cultural transfers were taking place.
- The Tang China came in contact with the Abbasid Empire with Dar al-Islam, both armies fought in the Battle of Talas in 751. The Abbasid army defeated the Chinese army which ended the advancement into Central China. The Abbasid empire forced the chinese prisoners to teach them the secrets to making paper. With the technique of making paper in the hands of the Abbasid Empire, there was an increase of education and accounting was made more efficient.
- The Mongol Empire was the empire that held most of Eurasia under single rule. During the reign of the Mongol Empire there were several technological and cultural transfers such as block printing and gunpowder which were the main technological exchange for the Mongols. Pepper, cinnamon, and tea were also important cultural exchanges for the Mongols.
- The Crusades were attempts in order to push the Muslims out of Jerusalem. Due to military being unsuccessful the Europeans were introduced to new lands. Arabic numerals and the decimal system became an important cultural transfer. Foods such as yogurts, coffee, sugar and dates were also introduced to Europe because of the Crusades.
Visual and Textual Evidence:
This painting illustrates the "Battle of Talas" which was a war between the Tang dynasty of China and the Abbasid Caliphate. The war was resulted in the Tang Dynasty losing to Abbasid Caliphate which ended the expansion of the Tang dynasty in Central China.
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This painting depicts the art of the paper making that the Chinese were known for. China gained the secrets of the ways of making paper, which influenced several of the imperial decision made by the emperors of China.
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Vocabulary:
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/808295-baa2a5e03d6e34fd42bafaea8dd145ea_orig.jpg)
Gunpowder: This is one of the best known item that was exchanged throughout the Mongol Empire, this was eventually used to build explosive and massive firearms in Europe.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/220px-yangzhou-museum-woodblock-for-printing-cimg2878_orig.jpg)
Block Printing: This was a technique used by the Chinese to print text, designs, patterns on textiles. This was also a very important item which was exchanged from the Mongols.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/arabic-numbers_orig.jpg)
Arabic Numerals: These numerals had an important effect on the Europe as they could develop advanced mathematical systems.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/images-7_orig.jpg)
Chess: This very popular mind game was introduced to Europe by the Crusades, this was a very important game in Europe in this time period.
![Picture](/uploads/1/1/0/7/110714241/download-4_1_orig.jpg)
Cartography: The art of making maps were very important in this time period as traders needed maps in order to find their way to their destination.